Stay Safe on Snow

Very cold and snowy in Scotland this Christmas!

2009-12-28T21:28:00.006Z

Firstly, a very merry Christmas to you all from www.ski-injury.com. Its certainly been a happy Christmas for Scottish ski areas with some of the best alpine conditions on offer at Christmas time in living memory. Temps have stayed low (down to minus 16C), winds light and the sun has been out. This is always a busy holiday time for us here in Aviemore but the heavy snow (several feet of dry, cold powdery snow in places) has been an added bonus.

All five ski centres are now up and running with great snow conditions and forecasts of more to come for Hogmanay. In the near future, I'll be receiving the first batches of injury report forms from my ski patrol colleagues ready for entry into our database (this will be our 11th year of data collection). Although the slopes are busy just now, when the snow is in such good shape as this we do thankfully tend to see less serious injuries as so many falls are into soft, fluffy and forgiving snow! I hope this continues to be the case.

Sadly, due to family illness, I have not been out on the slopes as much as I would have liked as yet, but those days will come. Even more sad has been the news from the Alps of more deaths - especially those of rescuers caught in an avalanche in the Italian Dolomites - link. I'm no great expert on avalanches or off piste techniques, but having been a follower of snow sports news for many years, I can sympathise with the Italian politician's view of those who risk the lives of others needlessly by not heeding warnings of avalanche risk. Equally worrying has been a small but increasing number of apres ski revellers who have died from hypothermia after enjoying a night out in a ski town. Many have simply got lost, others have sustained fairly innocuous injuries that suddenly become more serious in sub zero temperatures. Many have not been wearing adequate protection from the cold, perhaps (not unreasonably) not expecting to come a cropper.

Now I, like the next guy, enjoy a beer or four, but there's no doubt that excess alcohol, low temperatures and an unfamiliarity with an area can be a fatal combination. As ever the risk is fairly low but the message is important - don't catch your death (of cold). Finally, on a slightly related topic - if you are coming up to ski/party in Scotland for this Hogmanay, it is really baltic at the moment (minus 14 C outside just now as I type) so ensure you have plenty of winter provisions with you. Unfortunately, neither the roads nor the drivers on them are not as good in winter as they used to be so check out Traffic Scotland, prepare for longer journey times and bring lots and lots of undiluted winter screen wash - with our current artic temperatures and a low sun in the sky - believe me, you'll need it.

Even if your journey up here is frustrating, I can assure you it will be worth it. We have glorious alpine winter conditions on offer and will have for the foreseeable future.

Have a great New Year's holiday and, as ever, stay safe on snow

Mike

Another season upon us....

2009-12-07T21:27:00.002Z

The long break is finally over, time to re-start the blog!

Its early December and I'm pleased to report that my local ski area, CairnGorm Mountain, has been operational for almost a week now. Last Friday in particular was a stunning day - you can access some photos (not mine, I hasten to add) here. We held our ski patrol training weekend a few weeks back now, SOPs and practical skills have been updated, injury forms printed and we're ready to go. Its always interesting to mull over what the season ahead might bring. Year on year from 1999 to date we have witnessed a slow but sure reduction in the injury rate amongst skiers and snowboarders in Scotland. Not entirely easy to pinpoint the reasons, but its probably multi-factorial. Better equipment, better ski area management (pisting, signage etc) and perhaps better behaviour on the slopes (less risk taking)? Just a few of my guesses. Whilst I would love it to be the case, I doubt that many skiers/boarders are that aware of the things they can do to reduce their risks of injury. This is, of course, the main purpose of www.ski-injury.com but I know from various sources that the majority of visitors to the site have already sustained their injury and are now looking to reduce the chances of a repeat. No bad thing, but this is secondary prevention and I wish we could get the messages out before the injury occurs. One positive move last year from CairnGorm was the decision to stock Flexmeter wrist guards in our snowboard hire department and hand them out as a matter of course to all snowboarders hiring gear. Its early days and too soon to tell for sure, but we definitely saw far less wrist injuries last season and I hope this trend continues.

Lack of funds for injury prevention remains a bug bear - this season we will once again be distributing our Stay Safe on Snow leaflets supplemented by poster displays and also tapping in to the Association of Scottish Ski Areas information systems (well done ASSA by the way). I also hope to run a couple of snow safety information days at the ski areas as well.

As ever, balancing full time work as a GP, being dad to two young kids and promoting snow sports safety is not easy! But even if we can prevent one injury, then its all been worthwhile. So I'm back from the summer rest, skis are waxed and ready to go and I wish you all a great season. But please take the time to read some of the relevant information on my site and hopefully follow it - maybe perform a self test, buy some recommended wrist guards, wear a helmet?

Don't add to our stats - Stay safe on snow!

Another ISSS meeting behind us

2009-05-09T22:48:00.002+01:00

Well that's me just home from ISSS 2009, the main snow sports research meeting that I attend every 2 years - this time held in beautiful Garmisch-Partenkirschen. It didn't get off to a great start with my family's travel plans disrupted by an outbreak of chickenpox - so we had to head home and I travelled out without the rest of my family. All credit to my long suffering wife Jayne for allowing me to go whilst she had sleepless nights back home with our poor spotty son!

The meeting was as ever a great mix of cutting edge research and much needed socialising. ISSS meetings are reknowned for their friendly and inclusive nature and this one was no different. You can read my summary of the research presented by following the link above - good to see so much work underway to keep you and I safe on the slopes. The latest data on injuries amongst elite skiers and snowboarders from the FIS injury surveillance system though is scary - 1 in 3 athletes sustaining an injury every season and many of these serious. The FIS is looking for quick solutions and this might not be easy to achieve.

ForJo Public there is still plenty afoot - electronic bindings for skis, a new release binding concept for snowboarding and moves to make helmets even better than they are now. I am still digesting a lot of the work that was presented and will be updating all the relevant pages of my website in due course.

Wishing our colleagues and friends in the southern hemisphere a great ski season - stay safe on snow

Mike

Helmets 2 - a tragic death

2009-03-22T20:14:00.003Z

The tragic death of Natasha Richardson this week once again highlighted the fact that no outdoor activity is without risk. The fact that she died from a head injury and was not wearing a helmet reignited the debate about helmets on the slopes - in particular whether their use should be made mandatory. From what we know about her accident (and I fully acknowledge that we do not know the full facts) it would appear that she was extremely unlucky. What seems to have been a fairly innocuous fall onto soft snow on a beginner slope initially left her feeling ok, but within an hour or so her condition had deteriorated and she died from an intra-cerebral bleed. My sincerest sympathies to Liam Neeson, their children and all her family and friends.

The world's media descended en mass - all wanting to speak about how dangerous skiing is and why shouldn't everyone wear a helmet? My opinion on this remains as stated on my website - that I would strongly encourage - but not force - everyone to wear a helmet. I do not think though that they need to made mandatory. The rest of my opinions you can find on my site, I won't bore you with them here.

In about a month's time, I will be heading to Garmisch in Germany for ISSS 2009 - it will be interesting to hear what new information is available on helmets. At the last meeting here in Scotland, my friend Irv Scher continued to produce fantastic research on helmets and I am hoping for more of the same. I will post it up as soon as I can. In the meantime, helmet sales seem to have suddenly shot up, Scotland is braced for more snow this week coming and I am off to the Isle of Lewis for a family holiday.

Stay safe on snow- Mike

Busy times.......

2009-02-22T23:18:00.003Z

Wow!! Scottish ski areas have just enjoyed that unusual combination of perfect powder snow, light winds, good weather and school holidays! The snowfall was truly amazing; 2-3 feet of beautiful powder falling at a time giving the ski resorts fantastic conditions. Unfortunately, in some ways the snow was too good as resort and road infrastructures struggled to cope at times. From a ski patrol point of view, although we were seeing 2500-4000 skiers per day on the slopes, the overall number of injuries was quite low - mainly because a lot of falls were into soft, fluffy, forgiving snow. I am sure that we are also seeing the benefit locally of all snowboarders taking hire gear from the ski area being offered free use of Flexmeter wrist guards. To date, we haven't seen anything like the number of wrist injuries from snowboarding that we would normally expect - I will have to wait until the end of the season to assess this statistically, but I am sure that we will see a marked benefit.

Our health centre is now electronically linked to the x-ray system of our local hospital (indeed the whole of Scotland) and this makes it so much easier for me to follow up those casualties who are sent straight to hospital in Inverness. A good example was a wee lass of 14 who the patrol thought had injured her femur - I was able to look up her x-rays and yes, indeed she did sustain a supracondylar fracture of her femur. This sort of feedback is essential for the ski patrol team so they can see if their reasoning was correct and they implemented the correct treatment proctocols.

Now the snow has begun to melt, I am off for a week's holiday to the Canaries with my family for some much needed R+R. I hope that we come back to another great dump of snow and some more fantastic skiiing. Scotland has so mcuh to offer and I hope that wherever you are planning to ski, the conditions are excellent too. Above all though, stay safe on snow.

Mike

Snow, snow and more snow....

2009-02-10T22:21:00.004Z

Mid February, school holidays looming and for once all five Scottish ski areas are plastered with snow. Those of you from the UK will be aware that Scotland has been in the grip of cold weather for the last week or so now. Between 2-4 foot of snow fell last Thursday and Friday alone followed by very cold conditions (it was -19 degrees C in Aviemore last night). Cairngorm, my local ski area, has superb pisted powder snow - point your skis in any direction stuff - just perfect. Not surprisingly, the ski area has been mobbed - car parks full to capacity by early morning, access roads jammed but also lots and lots of happy skiers and boarders. I'm pleased to say from the medical side that we have not been overwhelmed with lots of injuries so far, although for some reason we have seen quite a few pelvic injuries so far this year. Mainly pubic rami injuries from impacts with rocks - which given the generally great snow cover is a surprise and the individuals concerned have been pretty unlucky. This weekend coming promises to be one of the busiest for a long time as most English schools start their holidays and the credit crunch/strong Euro make it more likely that UK skiers will head to Scotland. If you are heading up, and can get up in time to access the slopes, then you are in for a real treat as the overhead conditions are forecast to continue to be cold but sunny with further snow showers. Just remember that Scotland is not Europe, be prepared for all weathers and - as ever - stay safe on snow.

Mike

Helmets - a heads up

2009-01-19T21:49:00.002Z

As the winter season continues, the (sadly inevitable) new of deaths on the slopes have begun to be reported. With an overall risk of 1 death per 1.85 million visits or so, the USA usually sees about 35 traumatic deaths per season. Just recently, a couple of the incidents in Europe have involved politicians, and rightly or wrongly any issue always seems to attain more importance when "important" people are involved. A recent incident in Austria is a case in point where two skiers collided - one being a mother of four and the other a German politician. The latter was wearing a helmet and survived (albeit wiht serious injuries) whereas the mother who was not wearing a helmet died. Full story here. It is reported in the story that the guy only survived because he was wearing a helmet and a subsequent poll of Austrians has suggested that almost 50% support a law mandating the wearing of helmets.

Let me say right away that I support the use of helmets and I wear one myself - I've never (touch wood) had a serious accident but there is no doubt that it has saved me from many minor/moderate impacts over the years. I wish I could say with absoluyte confidence that it would also save me if/when I do have a big impact. Unfortunately, the evidence would still seem to suggest otherwise. Cleverer people than myself (engineers and fellow epidemiologists) have done fairly conclusive work to demonstrate that that - in general - wearing a helmet does not make you invincible. If you hit a solid object at the average speed of an intermediate skier (about 22mph or so), no currently available helmet it seems will be able to mitigate against disaster. And yet we also find that those who wear helmets are more likely to ski or board fast, take risks and indeed be injured in general. Implying that wearers may get a false sense of security from the fact they have their lid on. Helmet use has increased amongst the general snow sports population from about 5-10% a few years ago to 30-40% more recently. And yet we have not seen a concordant reduction in the relative number of deaths on the slopes as one might expect.

You also have to remember in addition that the absolute risk of a serious head injury as a result of recreational snow sports is really very low. Personally, I recommend wearing a helmet at all ages because there are few if any downsides - those that are frequently touted (may injure the neck, impair hearing etc etc) have all been shown to be myths. My children will wear a helmet in years to come, my colleagues on the ski patrol wear a helmet, my friends wear a helmet - but i still don't think it should be made compulsory for all. Others disagree and indeed we may see some countries in Europe pass laws on this soon - Italy and Austria seem to be prime candidates. I won't be shouting loudly against them, but I sadly suspect in time we won't see a reduction in the death rates on the slopes. Skiing and boarding within the limits of one's ability level are still the best way to protect yourself and those around you.

Stay Safe on that Snow

Mike

We're on again

2008-12-08T22:04:00.003Z

Start of a new work week and we now have skiable snow at most of the Scottish resorts, including CairnGorm - my local area. People are asking me what's new for this season and, if you've had a look at www.ski-injury.com there are really two things that stand out for me. Firstly, the commercial release of the Knee Binding, and secondly the focus being increasingly placed on wrist injury prevention for snowboarders. The Knee Binding is explained in full on my website, with links to the manufacturer's site as well. I know that opinions on these sort of developments will always be mixed, but let's hope it does make a positive contribution. A major problem will be actually analysing its effect - the only way to really do so is to conduct a randomised controlled trial where you take two (large) groups of skiers - similar to each other in all respects (age, gender, size, ability etc etc) except that one group skis using the Knee Binding and the other group uses standard bindings and then see if there is any difference in ACL injury rates at the end of the study. This is a huge study to undertake. Not impossible by any means, but it would need alot of funding and organisation. Without it though, I fear that we will be left with anecdotal evidence from individual skiers' experiences which is never that easy to analyse.

With regard to wrist guards, we do already have alot of information and this season the ski patrol injury forms for Scotland have been modified so that we can look at this closer. We will be documenting the exact type of wrist guard worn by both injured and uninjured boarders and doing a comparision. I also hope to redo the snowboarding study that i first completed in 2004 looking at attitudes to wrist guards, helmets and risk taking in general amongst this group. The original results caused a bit of a stir and it will be interesting to see what if anything has changed in the last 5 years. A medical student colleague of mine will be doing the same work in New Zealand and we'll see if there are any big differences between boarders in the two countries.

So, hope you get enough snow for a Christmas slide yourselves and remember - stay safe on snow.

Forms, forms, forms....

2008-10-12T15:16:00.002+01:00

Early October now and we've already had the first snows on the Cairngorm Mountains. I love this time of year as the nights draw in, the leaves turn and the frosts arrive. Not long til winter. The downside is that this is the time of year when I have to shake the dust off the injury forms that we use at the 5 ski areas in Scotland and update them if necessary. Usually, this doesn't take too much effort, but this year I have decided to re-do several sections - the one relating to wrist guards in particular. This used to be a standard - guards worn - Yes/No, but its not as simple as that now. There are so many guards on the market - short ones, long ones, ones you wear on the palm side, others on the backside, guards in the gloves, guards out the gloves etc etc... you get the picture. And thanks to excellent work by my French friends in Medicins de Montagne, we now know that certain guards are better than others, whilst some guards can actually cause injuries. So its important to know exactly what type of guard snowboarders are wearing and the form has been redesigned to allow us to do this - more questions for the ski patrol to ask, I'm afraid, but it is an important point.

Also, thanks to a generous donation from the Catherine Smith Memorial Trust fund (via Tim Walker of Glenmore Lodge), I have been able to print 10,000 colour snow sports education brochures that will be distributed between the ski areas and some ski shops this winter. Always difficult to strike a balance between getting the messages across without bombarding people with too much information, but I hope I got the balance right on this one. You can let me know if you see one of them.

Stay safe on snow.

Summer time data analysis!

2008-08-04T21:53:00.002+01:00

First week of August and I am still spending my evenings entering last season's injury data into my computer! Its definitely the least glamorous part of research and IMHO its the time when i really earn all my free skiing and trips abroad! Last season was a great one in Scotland which equates to more skier days, more injuries and so a longer period of data entry. Its really quite a bug bear of mine as it takes a lot of time to do. It does have its upsides though, as you read through all the injury scenarios that have occurred the previous season. Some of them from CairnGorm I remember well, whereas with others from different ski areas i can only imagine the scene. Thankfully, I haven't come across any real horrors yet (like a catastrophic spinal injury). Once all the data is entered, then the real fun of data analysis starts. To be honest, the only thing that varies from season to season in general are the absolute numbers - the %'s tend to stay largely the same. That said, in some specific areas the numbers are starting to get big enough to be more meaningful - injuries from snow park jumps for one. I hope to post some of these analyses on www.ski-injury.com in due course. Others will be presented at ISSS 2009 next year.

BTW, the Ski Patrol will be featuring in a new fly-on-the-wall series "Highland Emergency" due to start on Channel 5 in the UK tomorrow (Tuesday, Aug 5th) at 19.30. Keep an eye out for it!

2008-07-25T21:54:00.000+01:00

Thanks for visiting my new blog - created as an adjunct to the re-launch of my website www.ski-injury.com. Its been hard work changing the site over - updating pages, importing images, reconfiguring everything in fact. I hope it all looks and works ok. Let me know if not. Its summer time here in Scotland but already we are preparing for next winter.... injury forms being re-designed and re-printed and last season's data being analysed still. The ISSS 2009 conference is on next spring in Germany (see www.isss2009.com) so i need to have some fresh work to present there. I plan to update this blog fairly regularly alongside the "latest research news" section of my website with any new research or information that comes my way. Feel free to post your comments or information too - that way we can all share any bits of information that may help keep us all safe on snow. I'll leave you just now with a gorgious summer sunset from Arisaig on the west coast of Scotland.

Tìoraidh

Mike